The WineShop

The WineShop is a fictional online wine retailer. It is open to the public: anonymous users have limited access to the system, and users can make purchases if they become members. The site aims to be attractive, simple, and usable; however, since it was designed by two computer scientists, we failed to make it attractive! It succeeds better in its technical aims: the WineShop manages over 1,000 wines, stock information, and a database of around 1,000 customers and their orders. Any user with a web browser can access the site, browse or search for wines that are in stock, and view the details. The details of wines include the name, year of release, wine type, grape varieties, and, in some cases, an expert review of the wine. Anonymous users can add selected wines to a shopping cart. Users can also be members, and the membership application process collects details about the customer in the same way as at most online sites. To purchase wines, users must log in using their membership details. If a user has just joined as a member, he is logged in automatically. After selecting wines for purchase, the user can place an order. An order is shipped immediately and a confirmation sent by email. Behind the scenes, the system also allows the stock managers of the WineShop to add new shipments of wines to the database. The web site manager can also add new wines, wineries, winery regions, and other information to the WineShop. Limited reporting features are available. Functional and systems requirements:

• The online WineShop is primarily aimed as an e-commerce site to sell wine.
• The system doesn't manage accounting, stock control, payroll, ordering, and other tasks.
• Users may select wines and add them to a shopping basket. Users may purchase the items in their shopping baskets for up to one day after the first item is added to the basket. Users have only one shopping basket each and may empty their basket at any time.
• Users of the site may be anonymous and can remain anonymous until they agree to purchase the items in the shopping basket.
• To purchase items in a shopping basket, the user must log in to the system. To log in, a user must have an account. To get an account, a user must provide at least his surname, first name, one address line, a city, a zip code, a country, his birth date, an email address, and a password. The email address is used as the user's login name. The user may also optionally provide a middle initial, a title, two additional address lines, a state, a telephone number, and a fax number.
• When a user purchases wines, his order is archived.
• A user may receive a percentage discount on the price of an order. A discount can be levied on a particular day, a minimum threshold quantity, or given to a regular customer.
• An order may have a delivery charge that is levied according to the user's location and the delivery mode. Delivery modes include sea mail, regular mail, and express mail. An order may also have a note that is directed to the delivery company; for example, a note might indicate to "leave the wines at the back door of the house."
• Wines are classified into broad types of red, white, sparkling, sweet, and fortified. Wines also have a name, a vintage, and a description; descriptions are optional free-form text that are typically a review of the wine similar to that found on the label.
• Wines are made with different grape varieties, including Chardonnay, Semillon, Merlot, and so on. A wine can be made of any number of grape varieties, and the order of these grape varieties is important. For example, for a wine made of two varieties, Cabernet and Merlot, a Cabernet Merlot is different from a Merlot Cabernet.
• Users may browse wines at the WineShop by type or wine region.
• Wines are produced by one winery.
• Wineries have a description—which is typically a review—as well as a phone and fax number.
• Wineries are in one region. A region is an area—for example, the Barossa Valley in South Australia—and each region has a description and, possibly, an image or map of the area.
• A shopping basket is an incomplete order that contains items. It can be converted to a completed order after the user logs in. Each item in an order is for a particular wine, a quantity of that wine to be purchased, and a price per bottle. The price of the wine is always the price of the first bottle of wine added to the shopping cart, which in turn is always the cheapest available inventory price.
• The quantities of wines in the shopping basket can be updated by the user, and items can be removed from the shopping basket.
• The wines available for sale are stored in an inventory. Each inventory record has a date added and is for a particular wine. The inventory contains a stock quantity available at a particular per-bottle and per-case price. There can be several inventory records for a wine, representing different shipments that arrived at the WineShop on different dates or that have a different price.
• The user will always be advertised prices from the cheapest inventory for each wine. When a user adds a wine to her shopping basket, she is guaranteed this price.
• A user can purchase only wines that are in stock.
• When a user converts his shopping basket to an order, the availability of sufficient inventory to complete the order is checked. If insufficient wine is available, the user is alerted, and the quantities in the shopping basket are updated; this situation can occur if a user adds more wine to his basket than is available.
• When sufficient inventory is available to complete an order, the quantity of wine in the inventory is reduced as the order is finalized. The inventory reduced is always the oldest inventory of that wine.

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